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Dutch Scientists Build Thermoacoustic Heat Pump

A thermoacoustic device basically consists of heat exchangers, a resonator, and a stack (on standing wave devices) or regenerator (on traveling wave devices). Depending on the type of engine a driver or loudspeaker might be used as well to generate sound waves.

Consider a tube closed at both ends. Interference can occur between two waves traveling in opposite directions at certain frequencies. The interference causes resonance creating a standing wave. Resonance only occurs at certain frequencies called resonance frequencies, and these are mainly determined by the length of the resonator.

The stack is a part consisting of small parallel channels. When the stack is placed at a certain location in the resonator, while having a standing wave in the resonator, a temperature difference can be measured across the stack. By placing heat exchangers at each side of the stack, heat can be moved. The opposite is possible as well, by creating a temperature difference across the stack, a sound wave can be induced. The first example is a simple heat pump, while the second is a prime mover.

A process is quite similar to a Stirling cycle. Unlike Stirling engine, though, no moving parts are used. In a thermoacoustic engine, the sound wave controls the compression, displacement and expansion of the working medium helium. The working medium thereby undergoes a cycle that amplifies the sound wave.

In a thermoacoustic heat pump developed at ECN, industrial waste heat is used to power the engine. The ECN technology can operate across a wide temperature range: from -50 to +250 °C. According to the developers of the heat pump, the 10 kW prototype that is currently undergoing testing will be scaled up to at least 1 MW for use in industry.